Treating and Caring for an Irregular Heartbeat

Arrhythmia, the medical term for an irregular heartbeat, is a condition in which the heart beats too rapidly, too slowly, or irregularly. Depending on the type of condition and seriousness, it can be anything from harmless to potentially fatal.

Causes of an Irregular Heartbeat

Arrhythmias, also known as irregular heartbeats, happen when the electrical signals that regulate the rhythm of your heart malfunction. A specific explanation of its common triggers is shown below:

A. Blood Sugar Levels (Overly Low or Overly High)

B. Caffeine, Illegal Drugs, and Energy-Boosting Medicines

C. Dehydration

If you lack enough fluids, your blood volume is reduced, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood. This strain can disturb its rhythm and cause arrhythmias. 

D. Low Electrolyte Levels (Potassium, Magnesium, or Calcium)

Electrolytes are important for sending electrical signals in the heart. Deficiencies in:

E. Intense Physical Exertion

Intense or abrupt physical exertion can elevate adrenaline levels, which can cause arrhythmias, particularly in those with underlying heart conditions.

Symptoms of an Irregular Heartbeat

Symptoms of an irregular heartbeat may vary among different individuals. Some do not experience symptoms, while some may experience palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, or shortness of breath.

Symptoms include:

1. Palpitations: The feeling of your heart pounding or fluttering.
2. Shortness of breath
3. Chest pain: A tight feeling or discomfort in the chest.
4. Dizziness or fainting: Experiencing lightheadedness or fainting can happen with some types of arrhythmias.
5. Fatigue: Feeling tired unusually even with little exertion.

Diagnosing an Irregular Heartbeat

When one is suspected to have an irregular heartbeat, a heart specialist or cardiothoracic surgeon will conduct some types of diagnostic tests to identify the type of arrhythmia and its underlying cause. 

Common tests include:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): A test that takes note of your heart’s electrical activity.
2. Holter Monitor: A portable ECG device is worn for 24 to 72 hours to record irregular heart rhythms.
3. Echocardiogram: An ultrasound to examine the structure and function of the heart.
4. Blood Tests: To assess electrolyte levels and thyroid function.

It is critical to have an early diagnosis to avoid complications and successfully manage arrhythmias.

Treating an Irregular Heartbeat

Treating an irregular heartbeat depends on the type and seriousness of the arrhythmia. Lifestyle adjustments and medications may be enough when it comes to smaller cases. Procedures such as cardioversion or catheter ablation may be needed for serious arrhythmias.

1. Medications:

Managing a slow, rapid, or irregular heartbeat requires taking one or more medications. In certain cases, medications are mixed with other treatments for increased effectiveness. However, these medications can occasionally worsen arrhythmia if the dosage is too high, a risk that happens more often in women than in men. Consult your doctor immediately if your symptoms deteriorate.

2. Procedures

3. Surgery

In certain cases, surgery may be recommended to fix structural issues in the heart that contribute to arrhythmias.

Risks and Complications of an Irregular Heartbeat

Irregular heartbeats, if left untreated can cause severe complications, including stroke, heart failure, and abrupt cardiac arrest. The type of arrhythmia determines the risk of complications. For example, the most common arrhythmia— atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke. In serious cases, an untreated arrhythmia can make the heart stop, which is a medical emergency.

Preventing an Irregular Heartbeat

All causes of irregular heartbeats may not be preventable, but adapting to a healthy lifestyle can help decrease the risk. Main preventive measures include:

1. Eating a heart-healthy diet: A diet full of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help maintain a healthy heart.
2. Exercise frequently: Physical activity strengthens the heart and enhances general cardiovascular health.
3. Avoiding smoking, vaping, and excessive alcohol consumption
4. Managing stress: Chronic stress can trigger arrhythmias, so relaxation methods such as meditation and yoga can be helpful.

In addition to this, managing conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes can aid in preventing arrhythmias.

Frequently Asked Questions about Irregular Heartbeat

1. Is it true that caffeine can worsen irregular heartbeats?

Yes, caffeine can act as a stimulant that may raise the risk of palpitations and trigger arrhythmias.

2. How do anticoagulants manage arrhythmias?

Anticoagulants, or blood thinners, decrease the risk of blood clots and stroke in patients with arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, where irregular beats can cause clot formation.

3. How does atrial fibrillation vary from other kinds of arrhythmias?

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a type of arrhythmia that occurs when the heart's upper chambers beat erratically. Other arrhythmias, like ventricular tachycardia or bradycardia, impact different areas of the heart and their seriousness varies.

4. How do stress and anxiety affect irregular heartbeats?

Arrhythmias can be triggered or worsened by stress and anxiety. Relaxation methods, counselling, and mindfulness practices can help decrease their impact.

Schedule an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

Irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, can cause severe health risks if not managed properly. If you have symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest pain, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment by a heart specialist can help prevent complications and improve heart health.

If you are concerned about your heart's rhythm or need expert advice on managing arrhythmias, contact us to book an appointment at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital to schedule a heart screening or consultation with the team of expert heart specialists at Gleneagles Hospitals to begin your journey towards better heart health today.