Can Gout Cause Kidney Stones?

The Relationship Between Gout and Kidney Stones

Gout arises from elevated levels of uric acid in the bloodstream, a condition known as hyperuricaemia. Uric acid is produced as the body breaks down purines, which are naturally present in various foods such as red meat, seafood, and alcoholic beverages. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood and is excreted through urine. However, when present in excess, uric acid can crystallise. These crystals may accumulate in the joints, causing gout, or in the kidneys, where they can form stones. Regular health screenings play an important role in detecting such conditions early. Gleneagles Hospitals offer specialised services to support your long-term wellbeing.

The Role of Constipation in Kidney Stone Formation

Although not directly related, constipation can influence kidney stone development and overall kidney health. Constipation hampers the body’s ability to eliminate waste effectively, including uric acid, thereby increasing its concentration in both blood and urine.

How Constipation Affects Kidney Health:

• Dehydration linked to constipation leads to more concentrated urine.
• Infrequent urination creates a favourable environment for crystal formation.
• Studies suggest chronic constipation is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones in adults.

Simple Strategies to Reduce Constipation:

• Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily.
• Include high-fibre foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Limit salt and sugar intake, which can dehydrate the body.

Identifying High-Risk Individuals for Kidney Stones in Gout Patients

Not everyone with gout will develop kidney stones. However, certain groups face a greater risk (Wang et al., 2022):

• Individuals with frequent gout flare-ups due to sustained hyperuricaemia.
• Those with inadequate fluid intake, leading to concentrated urine.
• People whose diets are rich in purine-heavy foods such as organ meats and alcohol.
• Individuals with co-existing health issues like obesity, hypertension, or diabetes.

Preventive Recommendations for At-Risk Groups:

• Limit consumption of purine-rich food items.
• Use prescribed medications such as allopurinol to control uric acid levels.
• Schedule routine check-ups with a nephrologist for kidney health monitoring.

Strategies to Prevent and Manage Gout-Related Kidney Stones

An integrated approach is essential to prevent kidney stones in individuals with gout. This involves lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medical management.

• Hydration: Adequate fluid intake (2 to 3 litres per day) dilutes the urine, lowering the risk of uric acid crystal formation.
• Dietary Adjustments: Reduce consumption of high-purine foods including red meat, shellfish, and alcohol.
• Medical Treatment: Potassium citrate may be prescribed to alkalise the urine, while medications such as allopurinol or febuxostat can reduce uric acid production.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Maintain a healthy weight and engage in regular physical activity to support kidney function and metabolic health.

In cases where kidney stones form, symptoms such as intense pain, blood in the urine, or nausea require immediate medical intervention. While small stones may pass naturally with increased fluid intake, larger stones may require procedures like lithotripsy or surgical removal. Ongoing monitoring is crucial for individuals with a history of gout and kidney stones.

Book an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

The connection between gout, constipation, and kidney stones highlights the importance of a comprehensive and proactive healthcare strategy. By staying well-hydrated, following a balanced diet, and seeking timely medical attention, you can reduce the risk of complications.

At Gleneagles Hospitals, we provide expert-led diagnostic services and personalised treatment plans for patients managing gout, kidney stones, and related conditions. Schedule your appointment today to take control of your kidney health. You may also book an appointment via our website or download our MyHealth360 application from the Google Play Store or the Apple App Store.