Topics
Gastroenteritis, often referred to as stomach flu, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that affects millions globally each year. It typically presents with symptoms such as diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and fever. While many instances are mild and self-limiting, gastroenteritis can lead to serious complications in certain populations, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Main Causes of Gastroenteritis
Viral Infections
Viruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis. Norovirus and rotavirus are particularly prevalent. Norovirus spreads easily through contaminated food, water, or surfaces and can affect people of all ages. Rotavirus primarily impacts children and is preventable through vaccination.
Bacterial Infections
Bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter can cause gastroenteritis, often through the ingestion of undercooked meats, unpasteurised dairy, or contaminated water.
Parasitic Infections
Parasites, including Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium, can lead to gastroenteritis, especially in regions with inadequate sanitation.
Toxins and Chemicals
Foodborne toxins, such as those from poorly stored seafood or contaminated produce, may result in gastroenteritis upon ingestion.
Risk Factors Associated with Gastroenteritis
Vulnerable Groups
Infants, elderly individuals, and those with underlying health issues are at greater risk due to compromised immune defences.
Hygiene Standards
Inadequate handwashing and poor food hygiene practices increase the risk of infection.
Travel Exposure
Travelling to areas with different hygiene standards or limited access to clean water can elevate the risk of encountering unfamiliar pathogens.
Pre-existing Medical Conditions
Individuals with chronic illnesses such as diabetes or immune-related conditions are more susceptible to complications from gastroenteritis.
Preventing Gastroenteritis
Practising Good Hygiene
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before meals and after toilet use.
- Regularly disinfect frequently touched surfaces.
- Avoid sharing personal items during outbreaks.
Ensuring Safe Food and Water Intake
- Cook meat to appropriate internal temperatures.
- Rinse fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
- Opt for bottled or boiled water in regions with questionable water safety.
- Store perishable items properly to prevent bacterial growth.
Vaccination
Administering rotavirus vaccines to infants can significantly reduce the risk of severe gastroenteritis.
Recognising When Medical Attention is Necessary
While most cases of gastroenteritis improve within a few days, certain symptoms necessitate medical consultation:
Warning Signs
- Vomiting or diarrhoea persisting for more than three days
- Symptoms of dehydration, including dry mouth, dizziness, or reduced urination
- Presence of blood in stool or vomit
- High fever (above 38.9°C)
- Existing chronic conditions aggravated by gastroenteritis
At Gleneagles Hospitals, our specialists are equipped to conduct diagnostic procedures such as stool analysis, imaging scans, and blood tests to accurately determine the cause and severity of gastroenteritis.
Schedule an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals
A solid understanding of gastroenteritis and proactive prevention strategies can significantly reduce the incidence and impact of the condition. Severe symptoms, particularly in high-risk individuals, require timely medical intervention to avoid complications like dehydration.
Gleneagles Hospitals is committed to delivering high-quality care for gastrointestinal conditions. Our experienced medical professionals provide comprehensive diagnostics and personalised treatment plans to ensure a swift recovery. Book your appointment today through our website or via the MyHealth360 application, available on the Google Play Store or the Apple App Store.
