Mainly recommended to diagnose and/or treat patients via laser therapy, laparoscopic surgery, endoscopy and thoracic surgery when necessary concerning the following conditions:
- Esophageal diseases - reflux oesophagitis, esophageal obstructions, hiatal hernia and esophageal cancers
- Hepatobiliary (liver) disease - benign and malignant diseases of the biliary tract and liver, jaundice, pancreatitis and cholelithiasis
- Gastroduodenal diseases - reflux problems, gastric and/or duodenal ulcers and cancers
Some other common upper gastrointestinal surgeries may include:
- Nissen fundoplication - the reinforcement of lower oesophageal sphincters to treat those with gastroesophageal reflux disese (GERD)
- Roux en-Y - gastric bypass to reduce stomach size, limiting the volume of food one can hold
- Whipple Procedure - or pancreaticduodenectomy, it is a surgical procedure used to help those with pancreatic cancer