Understanding Flu in Children and Infants: Prevention, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is flu and how does it spread?

Flu, also known as influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that affect the nose, throat, and lungs. In infants and children,Flu viruses are thought to spread mainly by droplets made when someone with flu coughs, sneezes and talks. These droplets can land in the mouths and noses of people nearby. A person also can get flu by touching something that has flu virus on it and then touching their mouth, eye, or nose.

Recognising Flu Symptoms in Infants and Children

It's important for parents to recognize the signs of flu in infants and children and respond promptly. Common symptoms include:

• High fever
• Cough
• Runny or stuffy nose

Additionally, parents should be vigilant for less common signs that might indicate the flu, such as:

• Irritability
• Difficulty feeding
• Disrupted sleep patterns

Immediate medical attention is necessary if any of the following severe symptoms appear:

• Breathing difficulties
• Dehydration

Attention to these symptoms will enable you to take timely action and ensure the best possible care for your child during flu season.

Preventing Flu in Infants and Children

The first and best way to protect against flu is to get a yearly flu vaccine for yourself and your children. Flu vaccination is recommended for everyone above 6 months old every year. By getting a flu vaccine, studies showed reduction of morbidity and mortality especially in children with high risk medical condition.

Additional Ways to Protect Your Child Against the Flu

Protecting your child from the flu involves more than just vaccination. Here are effective everyday practices to reduce their risk of infection:

• Stay away from people who are sick if possible
• Regularly cover your coughs or sneezes
• Wash your hands often, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching public surfaces.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth
• Clean surfaces that may be contaminated with flu viruses

Implementing these practices can significantly decrease your infant's and children's likelihood of contracting the flu and help maintain their overall health during flu season.

Actions to Take if Your Child Gets Sick with the Flu

Make sure your child gets plenty of rest and drinks enough fluids and always talk to your doctor if you are worried about your child’s illness. As even healthy children can get very sick from flu illness, it is important for you to recognize warning signs early and seek immediate medical help. The warning signs include:

• Fast breathing or trouble in breathing
• Bluish lip and face
• Ribs pulling in with each breath
• Chest pain
• Severe muscle ache ( child refuse to walk)
• Chest discomfort or pain
• Dehydration (no urine for 8 hours, dry mouth, no tears when crying)
• Not alert or interacting when awake
• Seizures
• Fever above 40 degree celsius
• Any children less than 12 weeks old with fever
• Fever or cough that improve but then return or worsen

Are There Medications to Treat the Flu?

Yes, antiviral drugs are available to treat the flu. These medications can:

• Shorten the duration of the flu and alleviate the severity of symptoms.
• Prevent serious complications associated with the flu.
• Reduce the length of hospital stays.

Antiviral treatments are most effective when administered early, ideally within the first two days of the onset of symptoms. They are recommended for individuals requiring hospital admission and those in high-risk groups.

Contagious Period of the Flu

Individuals infected with the flu are contagious from at least one day before symptoms develop to about 5 to 7 days after becoming sick. To prevent the spread of the flu virus to others, it is crucial that:

• Your child stays home from school or daycare.
• Adequate rest is ensured to support recovery.
• Avoidance of public places to minimize the risk of transmitting the virus to others.

Understanding the flu's contagious nature and taking appropriate measures can significantly reduce the spread of the illness, protecting both the sick individual and the community.

Stay Healthy This Flu Season with Gleneagles Hospital Penang

As you navigate the challenges of flu season, remember that early recognition of symptoms and prompt treatment can significantly improve outcomes for children and infants. At Gleneagles Hospital Penang, we are dedicated to providing your family with top-tier medical care. Our paediatric specialists are ready to offer the best advice, administer vaccinations, and manage flu complications effectively. Trust us to keep your family healthy. Reach out today to schedule a consultation and ensure your child's well-being during the flu season and beyond.