Treating Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by dramatic shifts in mood. These shifts differ from regular mood swings, and they can persist for days or weeks. People with bipolar disorder typically go through alternating mania episodes (unusually happy and/or overactive) and depression (feeling low and lethargic).

Exact causes of bipolar disorder are unknown. Factors that are likely to contribute to bipolar disorder include genetics, brain structure and function, and environmental influences.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar I disorder

1. Manic episodes that persist for at least a week or manic episodes serious enough to require urgent medical attention.
2. Potential depressive episodes that persist for a minimum of two weeks.
3. Potential combined episodes of manic and depressive symptoms.

Bipolar II disorder

1. One or more depressive episodes.
2. Hypomania episodes.
3. Hypomanic episodes are usually milder than manic episodes in bipolar I disorder.

Cyclothymic disorder

1. Also called cyclothymia, it involves recurring symptoms of hypomania and depression that are milder than full hypomanic or depressive episodes.
2. These symptoms persist for at least two years in adults, and one year in teenagers and children.

Symptoms

Many people with bipolar disorder go through both mania/hypomania and depressive episodes. These mood shifts do not always follow a specific pattern. Symptoms usually differ from individual to individual.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

Bipolar disorder is usually diagnosed through a thorough assessment performed by a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist will inquire about your symptoms, when they started, and how you experience both manic and depressive episodes, including any thoughts of self-harm. Your medical history and family history, especially concerning bipolar disorder, will be discussed.

Based on your symptoms, additional tests may be required to exclude physical conditions, such as thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Treatment

Treatment aims to reduce the severity and frequency of depressive and manic episodes so that the individual can lead a normal life as much as possible. Treating bipolar disorder involves a mix of different therapies, such as: 

1. Mood stabilisers: Lithium, anticonvulsant medicines, antipsychotic medicines.
2. Therapies for medication-resistant conditions: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
3. Psychotherapy: Cognitive behavioural therapy, family-focused therapy.
4. Lifestyle changes: Frequent exercise, meditation, quality sleep.

Coping with Bipolar Disorder

While it is a long-term condition, people with bipolar disorder can live full, meaningful lives with consistent treatment. By being compliant to treatment plans, psychotherapy, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, the impact of bipolar disorder on patients and their families can be reduced. Keeping healthy relationships with caregivers also aids in improving one’s outlook and well-being.

Book an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

Remember, effective treatments are available for bipolar disorder, and with the right support, leading a meaningful life is highly possible.

If you or someone you know is dealing with bipolar disorder, contact the expert team of mental health professionals at Gleneagles Hospitals for consultation. We assure you the best possible care tailored to your specific needs.