Understanding Placenta Previa

The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy. It forms inside the uterus and attaches to the uterine wall. It produces hormones that are important for maintaining pregnancy. It also provides vital support by allowing the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and the developing foetus.

Symptoms of placenta previa

Placenta previa is a condition in which the placenta covers the opening of the cervix. It can cause bleeding during pregnancy.

According to studies, placenta previa occurs in about 4 to 5 per 1000 births. The incidence is higher at 20 weeks of gestation compared to at birth, as most cases are identified early in pregnancy.

The primary symptom of placenta previa is sudden, painless, bright red vaginal bleeding after the 20th week of pregnancy. However, it is possible to have placenta previa without vaginal bleeding. It is essential to monitor for other symptoms, especially those at a higher risk of developing placenta previa.

In most cases, placenta previa does not resolve on its own. As the pregnancy progresses, the uterus expands, and the placenta's position should ideally move away from the cervix. However, for placenta previa to completely resolve, it is relatively uncommon.

Risk factors of placenta previa

Below are the risk factors of developing placenta previa:

• Previous placenta previa
• Previous caesarean (C-section) birth
• Multiple gestations
• Pregnancy with twins or triplets
• Previous uterine surgical procedure
• Increasing maternal age
• Smoking or usage of cocaine by the mother
• Endometriosis
• Abortion

Complications of placenta previa

Depending on how much the placenta covers the cervix, placenta previa ranges from mild to severe. In some cases, this condition can lead to some complications during pregnancy and childbirth, such as:

• Excessive bleeding
• Preterm labour and delivery
• Foetal growth restriction
• Placenta accreta - the placenta attaches too deeply to the uterine wall. This can lead to difficulties during delivery and potential postpartum complications.

Diagnosis of placenta previa

Any patient over 20 weeks of gestation who presents with vaginal bleeding should be evaluated for placenta previa.

The standard initial method used to evaluate placenta previa is transabdominal ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is most beneficial for diagnosing complicated placenta previa.

If you are diagnosed with placenta previa, it is important to take certain steps for your safety and the well-being of your baby.

1. Follow medical advice: Placenta previa is considered a high-risk pregnancy. Carefully follow the advice and instructions provided by your doctor. They may recommend modifications to your activity level, restrictions on specific activities, and bed rest if necessary.
2. Attend regular prenatal check-ups: Regularly attend your prenatal check-ups as scheduled by your doctor. They will monitor the position of the placenta, check for any signs of complications, and assess the growth and well-being of your baby.
3. Be aware of symptoms: Pay attention to any signs of vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, or contractions. Report any unusual symptoms or concerns to your doctor immediately.
4. Avoid activities that put excessive strain on your body: Avoid heavy lifting, vigorous aerobic exercises, or intense workouts, or activities that may result in abdominal trauma or injury, such as contact sports or activities with a high risk of falls. It is generally advisable to avoid sexual intercourse as it can potentially trigger bleeding in cases of placenta previa.

In most cases of placenta previa, a caesarean delivery (C-section) is recommended. Your doctor will closely monitor your condition throughout your pregnancy to determine the best course of action for delivery. There are a few factors to be considered, such as the severity of the placenta previa, the baby’s position, and any associated risks or complications related to the condition.

Make an appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

Attending routine prenatal visits and maintaining open communication with your doctor are essential for monitoring your well-being and addressing any questions or worries that may arise during pregnancy.

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of placenta previa during your pregnancy, get in touch with us to find out more about our Obstetrics & Gynaecology Services at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital