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Gastroenteritis refers to a condition where there is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, also commonly known as a stomach flu. The condition is usually caused by bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections. Although the majority of cases resolve on their own, severe or untreated gastroenteritis can cause major problems.
Common signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis include:
Diarrhoea | One of the most typical signs of gastroenteritis. The primary sign of gastroenteritis is loose, watery stools, which are caused by the infection irritating the digestive tract. The duration of diarrhoea can range from a few hours to several days, and it can be mild to severe. |
Abdominal Pain | A common symptom of gastroenteritis. The type of pain can vary greatly, ranging from dull, persistent ache to excruciating cramps. Increased peristalsis, or muscle contractions, and digestive tract irritation are the causes of this. |
Nausea and Vomiting | Depending on the infection's cause and severity, these can last anywhere from a few hours to several days and frequently happen abruptly. |
Fatigue | Muscle weakness and exhaustion result from the body's energy being focused on battling the infection. Fatigue can be worsened by dehydration brought on by vomiting or diarrhoea. |
Fever | One of the most common signs of gastroenteritis. Depending on the infection and the immune system of the person, the fever can range in intensity from mild to high. Patients may also have headaches and muscle aches in addition to fever. These systemic symptoms usually show that the body is actively combating the infection. |
If gastroenteritis is not adequately treated, it can result in various complications:
Dehydration | Severe fluid and electrolyte loss can result from frequent vomiting and diarrhoea, particularly in young children and the elderly. Dehydration can be fatal in extreme cases. |
Malnutrition | People with gastroenteritis may experience malnutrition, especially protein and vitamin deficiencies, as a result of poor appetite, digestion, and nutrient absorption. |
Susceptibility to Reinfection | People who have gastroenteritis may be more vulnerable to secondary bacterial infections, such as urinary tract infections or intestinal bacterial overgrowth, due to a weakened immune system. |
Intestinal Inflammation | Inflammation of the intestines brought on by severe gastroenteritis may result in ulcers and raise the risk of bleeding or perforation. |
Kidney Damage | It is possible for severe electrolyte imbalances and dehydration to damage kidney function and even cause acute kidney failure. |
The following are some methods that can be used to prevent getting gastroenteritis:
Maintain proper food hygiene | Avoid consuming undercooked or raw food, and make sure the water you drink is clean and safe. To prevent cross-contamination, keep raw and cooked foods separate. Always cook food thoroughly to eliminate harmful bacteria. |
Wash your hands often | Before cooking, eating, and after using the toilet, wash your hands with soap and water. |
Get vaccinated | Vaccination can prevent some types of gastroenteritis, such as those brought on by the rotavirus. Speak to your healthcare provider. |
Although the length of time varies based on the cause and personal circumstances, viral gastroenteritis usually goes away in a few days.
Eat bland foods that are easy to digest, such as applesauce, bananas, noodles, and rice porridge. Avoid consuming high-fibre, spicy, or fatty foods.
Yes, it is important to stay hydrated. Drink a lot of liquids, such as water, clear broths, or oral rehydration solutions.
Yes, it spreads easily through the faecal-oral route and is extremely contagious.
Although gastroenteritis is a common gastrointestinal condition, severe cases can result in electrolyte imbalances and dehydration if untreated. Consequently, it is essential that you get medical help as soon as you notice these symptoms.
Feel free to contact us to schedule an appointment if you have any questions or concerns about gastroenteritis. Our specialists at Gleneagles Hospitals are available for you to consult. If a health screen is needed, please get in touch with your closest Gleneagles Hospital's health screening centre or download the MyHealth360 app from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
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