Understanding Vaginal Infections | Types, Symptoms and Effective Treatments

Understanding Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Vaginal discharge is normal and is experienced by most girls and women. It is the fluid or mucus that originates from the vagina. 

Typically, vaginal discharge goes unnoticed until it exits the vagina, which is the passage connecting the uterus to the outside of the body. The upper part of the vagina contains the cervix, while the lower part leads to the vulva and labia. The vulva refers to the skin surrounding the vaginal opening. 

Normal Vaginal Discharge

Normal vaginal discharge consists of vaginal skin cells, bacteria, mucus, and fluid produced by the vagina and cervix. It usually has a slight odour and may cause mild irritation of the vulva. Vaginal discharge protects the vaginal and urinary tract from infections and provides lubrication to the vaginal tissues.

To determine if your vaginal discharge is normal, consider the following:

• Odour: Normal discharge typically does not have a strong or unpleasant smell.
• Colour: Normal discharge is usually clear or white in colour.
• Consistency: Normal discharge can have different consistencies. It can be thick and sticky or slippery and wet, depending on factors such as your menstrual cycle and hormonal changes.
• Amount: The amount of discharge can vary among individuals and throughout different stages of your menstrual cycle. Heavier discharge may occur during pregnancy, sexual activity, or when using birth control.

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Abnormal vaginal discharge is a common concern for women and often prompts them to seek medical attention. While some amount of vaginal discharge is normal, it becomes a concern when accompanied by itching, burning, or other uncomfortable symptoms.

Symptoms of a Vaginal Infection

It is essential to distinguish between normal vaginal discharge and abnormal vaginal discharge. The common symptoms of vaginal infections include:

• Unpleasant odour 
• Itching of the vulva, vaginal opening, or labia
• Soreness, redness or swelling of the vulva 
• Pain during sexual intercourse or urination
• Blood-tinged vaginal discharge
• Pelvic or abdominal pain

Please contact your gynaecologist if you have any of the signs and symptoms mentioned above. 

Types of Vaginal Infections

Leucorrhoea

Leucorrhoea is a thick, whitish vaginal discharge. There are three causes of leucorrhoea, which is physiological, inflammatory, and parasitic.

• Physiologic leucorrhoea: Occurs during puberty, ovulation and around the date of menstrual cycle, mostly caused by estrogen imbalance.
• Inflammatory leucorrhoea: Results from inflammation or congestion of vaginal mucosa. A gynaecologist must be consulted once the discharge turns yellowish or has an odour as that is a sign of diseases in progress.
• Parasitic leucorrhoea: Caused by parasitic bacteria. Common symptoms of parasitic leucorrhoea are burning sensation, itching as well as frothy, thick, white, or yellow discharge.

Vaginitis

Vaginitis refers to inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching, and pain.

Vaginitis may be due to infections or non-infectious causes which, may be caused by bacteria, fungus, or parasitic organisms. Reduced estrogen levels after menopause and some skin disorders can also cause vaginitis.

Changes in the smell, colour, or texture of vaginal discharge can indicate an infection.

Types of Vaginal Discharge: Causes and Associated Symptoms

Treatment Options for Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Although some women may prefer to avoid seeking medical care, relying on self-treatment can result in delays in receiving an accurate diagnosis, increased expenses, or even aggravation of symptoms.

In most cases, it is recommended to undergo a physical examination by a gynaecologist before initiating any treatment.

Depending on the cause of vaginal discharge, antibiotics or antivirals may be required.

Tips for Managing and Preventing Vaginal Infection

If you are dealing with symptoms of vaginal infection or want to reduce your chances of getting it again, follow these helpful tips:

• Wear loose, breathable cotton underwear to keep the area dry and comfortable.
• Rinse genitals with warm water, and pat dry after using the toilet.
• Do not wash inside your vagina (douche).
• Opt for pads instead of tampons during your period to minimize the risk of irritation.
• Use condoms and lubrication during sexual activity to reduce friction and lower the chances of infection.
• Do not use perfumed or scented soaps or wipes in or around your vagina, as these can cause irritation and discomfort.
• Avoid douching or cleaning inside your vagina, as this can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and increase the risk of vaginitis.

Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, it is common to experience an increase in vaginal discharge, which serves as a protective mechanism to prevent infections from spreading to the uterus.

During the final weeks of pregnancy, discharge tends to increase further. There may be pink, sticky, jelly-like mucus with streaks. This is called a “show” and signifies the separation of the mucus that has been present in your cervix throughout pregnancy. It indicates that the body is initiating preparations for childbirth. It is possible to have multiple small "shows" in the days leading up to labour.

Book an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

Although vaginal discharge is normal, understanding the signs and symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge is crucial for early intervention. 

Get in touch with us to book an appointment with a gynaecologist today, or find out more about the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Services at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital.