How to Take Care of Your Health During Chemotherapy

Types of chemotherapy

Chemotherapy, often referred to as chemo, is a medical treatment that targets and destroys cancer cells or slow their growth through the use of potent drugs. These drugs work by disrupting the rapid cell division that is characteristic of cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other therapies, such as surgery or radiotherapy.

Chemotherapy offers a less invasive alternative to surgery by directly targeting cancer cells, thereby preserving the function of organs and limbs without the need for physical removal of body parts. In some instances, chemotherapy alone is sufficient to eliminate all cancer cells, serving as the primary treatment and potentially leading to a complete cure.

Chemotherapy can be administered through different methods:

• Intravenous chemotherapy: This method involves delivering medication directly into a vein. Usually performed in a hospital setting, a tube is inserted into a vein in your hand, arm, or chest to administer the medicine. This approach enables precise delivery and allows your doctor to monitor the treatment.
• Oral chemotherapy: In oral chemotherapy, medication is taken in tablet or liquid form. This treatment is usually managed at home, where patients take their prescribed medication as directed. Regular check-ups with your doctor are essential to monitor progress and address any potential side effects.

Read more: Cancer treatment technologies available at Gleneagles Hospitals Malaysia.

Functions of chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is used in situations where cancer has metastasised, or there is a possibility of it spreading.

• Total cancer eradication (curative chemotherapy).
• Improving the effectiveness of other treatments like radiotherapy or surgery (chemoradiation or neoadjuvant chemotherapy).
• Lowering the risk of cancer recurring post-radiotherapy or surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy).
• Relieving symptoms when a cure is not achievable (palliative chemotherapy).

The effectiveness of chemotherapy can vary significantly. Speak with your doctor to understand the potential success of the treatment in your case.

Side effects of chemotherapy

The common side effects of chemotherapy include:

• Fatigue
• Heightened risk of infection
• Nausea and vomiting
• Bruising and bleeding
• Diarrhoea or constipation
• Hair loss
• Memory loss and concentration problems
• Sore mouth
• Sex and fertility issues
• Emotional issues
• Insomnia
• Tiredness and weakness
• Tinnitus or hearing loss

While some individuals may experience side effects, others may have minimal experience with them. What is important is to stay healthy before, during, and after chemotherapy. 

Understanding the Discomforts of Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a crucial component in the treatment of cancer, but many patients are concerned about whether the treatment itself is painful. While chemotherapy is not inherently painful, it can lead to various discomforts. Additionally, different cancer treatments can cause distinct types of pain.

Though cancer-related pain cannot always be completely alleviated, effective pain management strategies can significantly reduce discomfort for most patients. Proper pain management can enhance your quality of life both during and after cancer treatment.

Nausea is a common side effect associated with certain chemotherapy medications, often posing a significant challenge for patients and impacting various aspects of their daily lives.

However, not all chemotherapy drugs cause nausea. When nausea does occur, it typically begins within minutes to several hours after treatment and can last for different durations. Some individuals experience it for a few hours, while others may feel nauseous for several days.

Several factors contribute to chemotherapy-induced nausea:

• Being female
• Age below 60
• Undergoing the first chemotherapy cycle
• Previous experiences of nausea during treatments
• A history of motion sickness or nausea during pregnancy
• Anticipatory nausea and vomiting before chemotherapy
• Specific types of chemotherapy drugs, such as platinum or anthracycline medications
• The dosage administered
• The rate and method of administration

Preparing for Chemotherapy Treatment

Proper preparation for chemotherapy is essential to ensure the process is as smooth as possible. Here are some tips to help you prepare:

• Pack a treatment bag with warm clothing, nutritious snacks, beverages, lip balm, and entertainment options like a book, magazine, or music with earphones.
• Arrange for someone to accompany you, especially for the journey back, as some medications may cause drowsiness.
• Seek assistance from a friend or family member to manage tasks such as childcare before and after treatment.
• Discuss necessary work arrangements with your employer, including taking time off on treatment days.
• Prioritise self-care by staying hydrated, getting enough sleep, eating nutritious meals, and engaging in light physical activity to manage chemotherapy side effects.
• Establish a support system to share your cancer and chemotherapy journey with family, friends, or a healthcare professional.
• Familiarise yourself with potential side effects and plan accordingly. For example, if hair loss is expected, consider cutting your hair before treatment.
• Inform your doctor about any other medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions with chemotherapy.

Maintaining Your Health During Chemotherapy

Staying healthy during chemotherapy is crucial, despite the challenges it may present. This requires a combination of self-care and medical guidance. Here are some tips to help you stay healthy:

1. Prevent Infections

Chemotherapy can weaken your immune system which makes you more susceptible to infections. To protect yourself:

• Practise good hand hygiene: Wash your hands frequently and carry hand sanitiser.
• Avoid crowded places, especially during flu season or outbreaks.
• Keep your distance from individuals who are sick.

2. Managing Nausea

Nausea is a frequent side effect of chemotherapy, but there are ways to manage it effectively:

• Take prescribed anti-nausea medications as directed by your doctor.
• Eat smaller, more frequent meals, particularly on treatment days, to reduce feelings of fullness that can trigger nausea.
• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, as dehydration can worsen nausea.

3. Dietary Considerations Post-Chemotherapy

Maintaining a balanced diet is vital for overall health. Focus on:

• Fruits and vegetables: Rich in vitamins and minerals to boost your immune system.
• Protein-rich foods: Essential for repairing and regenerating cells.
• Whole grains: Provide energy and support digestive health.

4. Staying Hydrated

Staying hydrated is essential during chemotherapy. Drinking at least eight cups of water daily helps your body flush out toxins and supports overall well-being.

5. Engaging in Light Exercise

Regular, gentle exercise can boost mood, reduce fatigue, and improve overall health. Consult your doctor to determine the appropriate level of activity for you.

6. Consulting Your Doctor About Supplements

While supplements can be beneficial, it is essential to consult your healthcare provider before taking any during chemotherapy, as some may interfere with treatment or cause unwanted side effects.

7. Reaching Out for Support

Coping with cancer and chemotherapy can be emotionally challenging. It is important to seek support when needed, whether through a support group, a therapist, or trusted friends and family.

Caring for Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

If you are a caregiver for someone undergoing chemotherapy, your support is invaluable in helping them stay healthy during this challenging journey. Here is how you can help:

• Be patient and empathetic, understanding that your loved one may experience mood swings, fatigue, and other side effects.
• Assist with daily tasks, such as cooking, cleaning, and driving to medical appointments.
• Be a good listener, offering a sympathetic ear when your loved one needs to talk.
• Encourage self-care by reminding your loved one to follow their doctor’s advice, take medications as directed, and prioritise their health and well-being.

Schedule an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

By understanding chemotherapy, preparing for its challenges, and adopting strategies to maintain your health, you can effectively manage its side effects and improve your chances of a positive outcome. The healthcare team at Gleneagles Hospital is here to support and guide you every step of the way.

Contact us today to book an appointment for a consultation, or visit our Oncology Department at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital.