Understanding Vaginismus

Vaginismus is a condition that affects sexual functioning. It is an involuntary response triggered by apprehension or anxiety associated with any or all forms of vaginal penetration.

The vaginal muscles automatically contract when a penetration attempt is made and there is no control over it. This situation may be distressing and even painful. However, it is treatable.

Causes of vaginismus

Several potential causes for vaginismus include mental health factors, painful medical conditions such as thrush, unpleasant first sexual experience, uncomfortable medical examination, fear of sex or negative feelings about sex, and a response to physical pain.

Symptoms of vaginismus

Symptoms of vaginismus include difficulty inserting tampon into vagina and painful vaginal penetration during sexual intercourse.

Vaginismus does not necessarily impact your ability to become aroused and find pleasure in other forms of sexual contact.

Diagnosis of vaginismus

There is no specific diagnostic test for vaginismus. It is typically diagnosed through a clinical evaluation. Your doctor can usually determine if you have vaginismus based on your reported symptoms and a physical examination.

During the examination, they may be able to detect the tightening of the muscles around the vaginal opening, which is a common characteristic of vaginismus.

Treatment options for vaginismus

The treatment for vaginismus typically emphasises on managing your feelings about penetration and exercises to become progressively used to penetration.

Initially, treatment is carried out with the guidance of your doctor, and you will be required to practice certain exercises at home. You also have the option to include your partner in the process if you are in a relationship.

Treatment is usually effective; you may notice improvements within a few weeks. Below are some treatment options for vaginismus.

• Pelvic floor exercises to reduce muscle tension and improve your ability to relax during vaginal penetration.
• Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, mindfulness, or progressive muscle relaxation can help reduce anxiety and muscle tension, thus easing penetration.
• Vaginal dilators are tube-shaped devices of varying sizes that can help people with vaginismus feel less sensitive and more at ease with vaginal penetration.
• Counselling can be beneficial, especially if there are underlying emotional or psychological factors contributing to vaginismus. A therapist can help you address any anxiety, trauma, or negative thoughts related to sex and intimacy.
• Vaginismus surgery is only required in a small number of cases.

Make an appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

If you suspect that you are experiencing symptoms of vaginismus, get in touch with us to find out more about our Obstetrics & Gynaecology Services at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital.

You may also contact the Health Screening Centre at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital for health screening appointments.