Understanding Endometrial (Uterine) Polyps

Endometrial polyps are also known as uterine polyps. They are finger-like growths in the endometrium or uterine lining. There may be one or multiple polyps and can range in size from a sesame seed to a golf ball.

Most endometrial polyps are noncancerous. However, they can be precancerous or cancerous.

The exact cause of endometrial polyps is unknown. However, experts have linked the condition to changes in hormone levels. They tend to grow when there is a higher level of hormone oestrogen in the body.

Risk factors for endometrial polyps

Endometrial polyps are commonly seen in women between 20 to 40 years of age.

The likelihood of developing cancer is higher in individuals who are in the post-menopausal phase, on tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer, or experiencing irregular menstrual cycles.

Risk factors include:

• Obesity
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Family history of Lynch and Cowden syndrome (a genetic condition)

Symptoms of endometrial polyps

There may be no symptoms associated with endometrial polyps. If you are experiencing symptoms, they may include:

• Irregular periods
• Bleeding between periods
• Heavy flow during periods
• Post-menopausal bleeding
• Difficulty getting pregnant

Diagnosis of endometrial polyps

Your doctor would first question your general health and symptoms before conducting a thorough physical examination. Diagnosis is made based on your reported symptoms, physical examination, and investigations.

• Transvaginal ultrasound is the first line of choice to evaluate patients with suspected endometrial polyp or abnormal bleeding. Your doctor will perform this test to look at the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix, and pelvic region.
• During a hysteroscopy procedure, your doctor will place a thin, flexible hysteroscope through your vagina and cervix and into your uterus to look at the tissue lining the inside of your uterus.
• A piece of endometrial tissue is taken from the lining of your uterus to be examined in the laboratory. This is called endometrial biopsy.

Treatment options for endometrial polyps

Small polyps without symptoms may resolve on their own and may not need intervention. So, your doctor will recommend watchful monitoring.

Medications such as progestins or gonadotropin-delivering hormone agonists may help reduce symptoms. However, these are only temporary measures, as the symptoms may reappear when you stop taking the medications.

Hysteroscopic polypectomy is the treatment of choice for most endometrial polyps. Polyp can be removed during hysteroscopy.

Prevention of endometrial polyps

• Oral contraceptives
• Levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD)

Make an appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

If you suspect that you are experiencing symptoms of endometrial polyps, get in touch with us to find out more about our Obstetrics & Gynaecology Services at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital.