Understanding Alopecia Areata

Alopecia areata is a condition where the immune system targets hair follicles, resulting in hair loss. Hair follicles are the structures within the skin that produce hair. While hair loss can occur on any part of the body, alopecia areata most commonly affects the scalp and face.

Symptoms of alopecia areata

Alopecia areata usually causes hair to fall out in small, circular patches about the size of a coin, though in some cases, the hair loss can be more widespread.

This condition affects people differently; some may experience lifelong hair loss while others may have only one single episode. Nevertheless, most individuals with the condition are otherwise healthy and show no other symptoms.

On the scalp, patchy hair loss or abrupt hair loss in round or oval spots is common. Other parts of the body, such as the beard, eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body hair, may also develop these patches. Bald areas usually have smooth skin that shows no symptoms of inflammation or scarring.

Bald patches have short, broken hairs at the edges that narrow into the base that resembles an exclamation point.

Before hair loss happens, some people may feel tingly, itchy, or have a burning sensation on their scalp or other afflicted places.

In certain instances, hair loss may be more widespread, resulting in thinning throughout the scalp as opposed to discrete patches.

In the affected areas, hair may grow back before falling out once again. Over time, this cycle of hair loss and regeneration may persist.

Causes and risk factors

Although the exact reason why the immune system would unintentionally target hair follicles is yet unknown, researchers believe that a mix of environmental and genetic factors may be involved. Roughly 20% of people with alopecia areata have a family member who also suffers from this condition. 

Experts believe that certain people are genetically susceptible to the illness based on this knowledge. A person’s chance of getting alopecia areata is somewhat increased if they have a close relative who has it. If the family member loses hair before the age of 30, the chance rises much more.

Approximately every one in 50 people will develop alopecia areata during their lifetime, affecting males and females of all races equally. It can occur at any age, but most cases appear before 30. Those with the condition are usually healthy and show no other symptoms.

Diagnosis of alopecia areata

Usually, a physical examination, a review of medical history and occasional further tests are used during the diagnosis process of alopecia areata to rule out other possible reasons of hair loss.

Treatment for alopecia areata

Although there is currently no cure for alopecia, there are a few treatment options available for alopecia.

Coping with alopecia areata through self-care

While alopecia areata does not cause physical disability, it can affect a person's well-being. There are several self-care strategies that can help you manage the emotional impact of the condition.

• Learn more about the condition and connect with others facing similar challenges. Building a support network can provide valuable help during tough times.
• Meet a mental health professional for psychological support.
• Apply sunscreens for any exposed skin area.
• Protect your scalp from the sun with hats, scarves, wigs or hairpieces.
• Put on sunglasses to protect your eyes if you have lost hair from your lashes or eyebrows.

Schedule an appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

If you notice that your alopecia symptoms worsen or new symptoms are observed, make sure to consult a doctor. The team of expert dermatologists at Gleneagles Hospitals is available to help you manage your alopecia and provide the best care for you.