Types of Acne and Their Treatments

Acne is a common skin disorder that occurs due to clogging of hair follicles beneath the skin. These blockages are caused by excess sebum (the oil responsible for keeping the skin from becoming dry) and dead skin cells. The outcome is the formation of lesions commonly known as pimples or zits.

While acne often appears on the face, it can also develop in other areas such as the back, chest, and shoulders. Acne predominantly affects the face, back, and chest. Almost everyone with acne experiences breakouts on the face and more than half of individuals with acne have spots on their back. Around 15% of people with acne notice lesions on their chest.

Types of Acne

Acne leads to the development of various types of lesions. Medical professionals often refer to these as comedones, which are essentially enlarged hair follicles. The main types of acne lesions include:

• Whiteheads: Closed, clogged pores beneath the skin that result in small, white bumps.
• Blackheads: Open clogged pores that appear black due to the reaction of sebum with air, not because of dirt.
• Papules: Small, inflamed pink bumps that can feel tender to the touch.
• Pustules (pimples): Inflamed lesions filled with white or yellow pus, often red at the base.
• Nodules: Large, firm, and painful lumps deep within the skin.
• Severe nodular acne (cystic acne): Deep, pus-filled lesions that are often painful.

Causes of Acne

Contrary to popular belief, acne is not caused by dirt or certain foods. Instead, dermatologists suggest that acne develops due to one or more of the following reasons:

• Excessive oil (sebum) production.
• Accumulation of dead skin cells in the hair follicles.
• Bacterial growth inside the blocked pores.

Diagnosing Acne

Acne is typically diagnosed by a healthcare provider, often a dermatologist, during a clinical evaluation. Your doctor will ask about your medical history, including any previous skin conditions and any contributing factors such as stress, hormonal changes, medications, and diet.

After gathering your history, the doctor will perform a visual assessment to identify the types and severity of acne lesions present. Based on this, acne is generally classified as:

• Mild: Primarily consisting of whiteheads and blackheads, with occasional papules or pustules.
• Moderate: More widespread whiteheads, blackheads, papules, and pustules.
• Severe: Large, painful papules, pustules, nodules, or cysts, often accompanied by scarring.

Acne Treatment Options

Acne treatments focus on reducing existing lesions, preventing future breakouts, and avoiding scarring. They also aim to address underlying causes, such as excess oil, bacteria, and inflammation. Treatment options may include:

Preventing and Managing Acne

There are several steps you can take to manage and prevent acne breakouts:

• Use a gentle cleanser with lukewarm water to wash affected areas.
• Avoid squeezing spots or picking at blackheads, as this can lead to scarring.
• Choose non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) skincare and cosmetic products.
• Remove make-up thoroughly before bed.
• Use fragrance-free, water-based moisturisers if you have dry skin.
• Wash your hair regularly and keep it off your face to prevent oil transfer.
• Regular exercise can boost your mood and self-esteem but be sure to shower promptly after exercising to avoid irritating acne with sweat.

Skin Care for Darker Skin Tones

For individuals with darker skin, acne scarring can lead to discolouration, even after lesions have healed. Speak to your dermatologist about treatments to help fade dark spots, and always apply sunscreen outdoors to prevent and treat skin discolouration.

Make an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

If your acne worsens or you experience new breakouts, it is important to seek advice from a healthcare provider. The team of expert dermatologists at Gleneagles Hospitals is available to help you manage your acne and provide the best care for your skin.