Topics
Heatwave in Malaysia
According to the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Malaysia’s hot and dry season has started earlier compared to the past two years due to the ongoing El Nino phenomenon. High-temperature notices have been issued across many states throughout Malaysia.
MetMalaysia issues the heatwave level based on the indication in the table below:
Level | Category | Range of maximum daily temperature |
|---|---|---|
Normal | Normal | Below 35oC |
Level 1 | Alert | Between 35oC to 37oC for at least three consecutive days |
Level 2 | Heatwave | Between 37oC to 40oC for at least three consecutive days |
Level 3 | Extreme heatwave | Above 40oC for at least three consecutive days |
Source: MetMalaysia
In this article, we will delve deeper into the topic of hot weather and explore preventive measures to prevent heat exhaustion and heatstroke, which is the most severe form of heat-related illness and is considered a medical emergency. We will also dispel some myths that may be circulating on the internet.
Implication of Extreme Hot Weather on Health
Signs and Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke
Heat-related illnesses are due to exposure to abnormal or prolonged amounts of heat and humidity without relief or adequate fluid intake. Heat-related illnesses usually start with heat cramps, followed by heat exhaustion, and if left untreated, it may lead to potentially fatal heatstroke.
Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion can develop after exposure to high temperatures and inadequate fluid replacement. The following are the common symptoms to watch for, allowing for timely intervention to prevent further health issues.
- Muscle cramps
- Headache
- Nausea, vomiting
- Dizziness
- Profuse sweating
- Cold, pale, clammy skin
- Rapid, weak pulse
The symptoms of heat exhaustion are generally similar in adults and children, with irritability also common in children.
Symptoms of Heatstroke
Heatstroke is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. When the body’s core temperature rises to dangerously high levels and its natural cooling mechanisms, like sweating, fail to regulate temperature, it can lead to heatstroke. This can result in damage to vital organs and even be fatal if not treated promptly.
- Body temperature of 40oC or higher
- Headache
- Nausea, vomiting
- Dizziness
- Losing consciousness
- Skin feels hot and dry to the touch, flushed skin
- Rapid, strong pulse
Heatstroke symptoms are consistent across adults and children, though children might also show increased irritability when affected.
How to Treat Heat Exhaustion: Cooling and Rehydration Steps
If someone is showing signs of heat exhaustion and heatstroke, it is crucial to cool them down and provide fluids immediately. Follow these four steps to effectively manage the situation:
- Move the individual to a shaded or air-conditioned area to help lower their body temperature.
- Strip off any unnecessary clothing, such as jackets or socks, to enhance heat loss.
- Offer them a sports drink, rehydration solution, or cool water to sip gradually, replenishing fluids and electrolytes.
- Apply cool water to their skin through spraying or sponging and use a fan to aid evaporation. Additionally, place cold packs wrapped in a cloth under the armpits or on the neck for extra cooling.
Stay with them until their condition improves. Seek immediate medical attention at the nearest Gleneagles Hospital if their condition worsens.
Risk Factors of Developing Heat Exhaustion
- Infants, children, and older adults are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses due to their reduced ability to regulate body temperature.
- Engaging in strenuous physical activity, particularly in hot weather, can increase the risk of heat exhaustion as it raises the body's core temperature.
- Certain underlying chronic health conditions, such as heart or lung disease, can increase the risk of heat exhaustion. The same is true for being obese, living a sedentary lifestyle, and having a history of heat exhaustion.
Tips to Prevent Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke
- Drink plenty of fluids so that your body can sweat to maintain a normal body temperature.
- Wear clothes of lighter colour, lightweight, loose-fitting to help your body to cool down properly during hot weather.
- Schedule physical activities during cooler times, such as early morning or evening. If you cannot avoid strenuous activity in hot weather, remember to drink plenty of water and take breaks in a cooler place.
- Help young children or older people to stay away from the hot environment. Act quickly if you notice symptoms of overheating that may lead to heatstroke.
- Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 or more when you are out and about. Reapply sunscreen more often, such as every two hours if you are swimming or sweating, to prevent sunburn.
- It is unsafe to stay in the car when it is parked under the sun or in hot weather. Do not leave anyone in a parked vehicle.
Debunking Internet Myths
- Myth: Refrain from drinking icy water.
Fact: There is no evidence to suggest that drinking icy water in hot temperatures leads to blood vessel rupture or bursting.
- Myth: Taking a cold shower while sweating may lead to unconsciousness.
Fact: There is no evidence to support the claim that taking a cold shower immediately after sweating can lead to sudden unconsciousness and fainting.
- Myth: Drinking warm or hot water is better during hot days.
Fact: There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that drinking warm or hot water is better than cold water during hot days.
It is essential to rely on credible sources backed by scientific evidence regarding health-related information. Personal opinions or anecdotes without proper scientific basis can be misleading and potentially harmful. When in doubt, consulting reputable health organisations or professionals is always a good practice.
Book an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals
Act quickly if you or someone else shows signs of distress, such as dizziness, nausea, or rapid heartbeat. Seek immediate medical attention at the Accident and Emergency (A&E) department at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital.
