Ischaemic and Haemorrhagic Stroke

A stroke is a condition that happens when a portion of the brain's blood supply is cut off, depriving the brain's tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Ischaemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are the two main forms of stroke.

Introduction to Ischaemic Stroke

About 87% of all strokes are ischaemic strokes, making them the most common type. It happens when a blood vessel that supplies the brain with blood becomes blocked. A clot that forms in the brain (thrombotic stroke) or one that moves from another area of the body to the brain (embolic stroke) may be the cause of the blockage.

Causes of Ischaemic Stroke

Atherosclerosis	Fatty deposits (plaque) accumulate in the arteries, resulting in constricted or blocked blood vessels. It is the most common cause of ischaemic stroke.
Blood clots	Numerous factors, including heart disorders like atrial fibrillation, can cause clots to form in the arteries.

Introduction to Haemorrhagic Stroke

When a blood vessel in the brain bursts, the brain or surrounding area bleeds, resulting in a hemorrhagic stroke. This kind of stroke can be more severe and needs to be treated right away.

Causes of Haemorrhagic Stroke

High blood pressure	Chronic hypertension raises the risk of blood vessel rupture by weakening them.
Aneurysms	These are blood vessel bulges that have the potential to rupture and cause bleeding in the brain.
Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)	Haemorrhagic strokes can result from the rupture of these blood vessel tangles.

Stroke Symptoms

Sudden intense headache
Having difficulty understanding speech or speaking
Dizziness or loss of balance
Face drooping
Feeling weak or numb, particularly on one side of the body
Having vision problems in one or both eyes

Stroke Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

A stroke diagnosis process usually combines physical examinations, a medical history review, and diagnostic tests.

One or more of these following tests may be requested by your doctor:

CT or MRI scan	These imaging methods aid in determining the type of stroke and identifying the brain region that is impacted.
Blood tests	These tests can identify blood clotting disorders and other underlying causes of stroke. In Malaysia, there are some causes that are similar to heart disease, which highlights the significance of cardiovascular health assessments.

Treatment Options

The type, severity, and timing of a stroke determine the treatment. Restoring blood flow to the brain, minimising brain damage, and managing any underlying conditions, including heart disease, which is a significant concern in Malaysia, are the objectives of treatment in order to help prevent future strokes.

For Ischaemic Stroke

Medications	Blood flow can be restored by dissolving the clot with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The best results from this medication are obtained within a few hours of symptom onset.
Thrombectomy	Occasionally, a catheter might be utilised to directly remove the clot.

For Haemorrhagic Stroke

Medications	Medications related to blood pressure control might be administered.
Surgery	May be required to repair blood vessels that are ruptured or relieve pressure in the brain

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the primary differences between ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes?

Ischaemic strokes are caused by blocked blood flow, whereas haemorrhagic strokes are caused by a ruptured blood vessel

2. Is it possible to prevent strokes?

Yes, managing risk factors and leading a healthy lifestyle can help prevent strokes. While not all strokes can be prevented—particularly those caused by genetic factors or specific medical conditions—many can be avoided by managing modifiable risk factors, such as heart disease, which is prevalent in Malaysia.

3. If I think someone is having a stroke, what should I do?

Make an emergency call right away. Remember and use the acronym B.E.F.A.S.T. (Balance loss, Eyes (vision) changes, Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, and Time to call for an ambulance), to recognise stroke signs.

4. Does stroke have long-term effects?

Long-term effects like speech problems, mobility problems, or cognitive changes are common among stroke survivors; however, rehabilitation can help them recover.

Schedule an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

Stroke is a medical emergency that needs to be treated right away. Recognising the warning signs and symptoms of ischaemic and hemorrhagic strokes can save lives, especially for Malaysians who are at risk because of heart disease. You should get medical help right away if you or someone you know suddenly feels weak, confused, has a bad headache, or has trouble speaking. Early diagnosis and treatment can minimise long-term effects and greatly improve outcomes.

Feel free to contact us to schedule an appointment if you have any questions or concerns about stroke prevention. The team of expert neurologists at Gleneagles Hospitals is available for you to consult. We are committed to providing personalised care, tailored to your individual needs.

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