Constipation Among the Elderly: What are the Concerns

Constipation can be both uncomfortable and concerning. It occurs when bowel movements become infrequent, take longer than usual, or result in hard stools.

While constipation can affect anyone, it is more common among older adults. Research suggests that nearly one-third of older individuals experience occasional constipation. The positive news is that, in most cases, constipation is not a serious condition and can be effectively managed. Regular check-ups are highly suggested for older individuals to maintain their health at Gleneagles Hospitals provide checkup and diagnosis for constipation. 

Understanding Constipation in Older Adults

Constipation is a common issue among the elderly, often caused by a combination of physiological and lifestyle factors. It is defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week, accompanied by difficulty in passing stools (Lillis, 2024). Common causes include:

Dietary Factors

A lack of fibre-rich foods and inadequate fluid intake can significantly impact bowel movements.

Physical Inactivity

Sedentary lifestyles are associated with slower intestinal motility.

Medications

Drugs such as opioids, calcium channel blockers, and anticholinergics can lead to constipation.

Health Conditions

Conditions like diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, and hypothyroidism can interfere with normal bowel functions.

Age-Related Changes

Slower gut transit time and reduced muscle tone in the colon are more prevalent in older individuals.

Recognising these factors early is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Health Risks Associated with Constipation

Persistent or untreated constipation can lead to several complications, some of which may significantly impact the quality of life and overall health of the elderly. These include:

Haemorrhoids and Anal Fissures

Straining during bowel movements can lead to swollen veins and tears in the rectal area.

Faecal Impaction

Hardened stools may accumulate in the rectum, causing discomfort and requiring medical intervention.

Rectal Prolapse

Chronic straining can lead to the rectum protruding through the anus.

Psychological Effects

Ongoing discomfort and embarrassment due to constipation can cause anxiety and depression in some individuals.

Dehydration and Malnutrition

Constipation can sometimes lead to a reluctance to eat or drink, worsening the condition.

Understanding these risks emphasises the importance of timely and effective treatment.

Management and Prevention Strategies

Proactive measures can alleviate and prevent constipation in older adults. These strategies include:

Lifestyle Adjustments

Incorporate foods high in dietary fibre, ensure adequate hydration, and promote regular physical activity to stimulate bowel function.

Medical Interventions

Prescription medications, or biofeedback therapy may be recommended by healthcare providers.

Monitoring and Regular Check-ups

Address underlying conditions contributing to constipation and review medications with a healthcare provider.

By following these steps, many cases of constipation can be effectively managed or prevented (Zimlich, 2022).

When to Seek Medical Attention

It is essential to know when constipation requires professional evaluation. Signs that indicate a need for medical attention include:

Prolonged Constipation

Constipation lasting more than three weeks despite lifestyle changes.

Severe Symptoms

Severe abdominal pain, bloating, or unexplained weight loss.

Blood in Stool

Presence of blood in the stool or symptoms of faecal impaction.

Prompt medical consultation ensures that any underlying issues are identified and treated before complications arise.

Book an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals 

Constipation among the elderly is more than just a discomfort; it can have significant health implications if left unaddressed. By understanding its causes, recognising associated risks, and implementing effective prevention and management strategies, this condition can be controlled to improve the quality of life.

If you or a loved one is experiencing persistent constipation or related symptoms, seeking professional care is crucial. At Gleneagles Hospitals, our experienced gastroenterologists and healthcare team are dedicated to providing personalised solutions to manage and treat constipation effectively. Book an appointment with us today and take the first step towards better digestive health or you may also book an appointment by downloading the MyHealth360 application from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.