Treating and Preventing Varicose Veins

Varicose veins are veins that are swollen, enlarged, and twisted veins and appear as bulging, blue, or purple areas beneath the skin, typically found on the legs, ankles, and/or feet.

Veins contain valves that direct blood flow toward the heart, but when these valves weaken or become damaged, blood can flow backward and collect in the veins. This causes the veins to swell and potentially result in varicose veins.

Although not typically dangerous or a medical emergency, untreated varicose veins can cause discomfort and inconvenience for those affected.

Symptoms

Varicose veins symptoms can include:

Bulging, twisted, rope-like veins that appear bluish or purplish.
Aching or pain in the legs.
Swollen feet and ankles.
Dry and itching skin over the affected veins.
Muscle cramps in the legs, especially at night.
A feeling of heaviness in the legs and feet.

Varicose veins are generally not serious, but if left untreated, they can lead to complications such as blood clot formation in the veins, bleeding, varicose eczema, venous ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis.

Causes

Possible causes of varicose veins include:

Age	As a person ages, veins gradually lose their elasticity, and the valves within them tend to stiffen over time.
Gender	As female hormones can relax vein walls, women are more prone to developing varicose veins. This is possibly due to the hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause. Birth control pills and other hormonal treatments may also increase the risk.
Family history	Some people have a genetic predisposition to developing varicose veins.
Lifestyle	Prolonged standing or sitting, along with wearing tight clothing like pants with snug waistbands, can impair blood circulation and raise the risk of varicose veins. A sedentary lifestyle further increases this risk.
Weight	Excess weight forces veins to work harder to return blood to the heart, placing extra pressure on the vein valves and making them more susceptible to leakage.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

A physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests to assess the veins' condition are typically used to diagnose varicose veins.

To get a better visualisation of the afflicted area(s) and help choose the best treatment option(s), a Duplex ultrasound may be suggested in certain situations. Blood flow through the veins’ valves can also be detected and measured with a Doppler ultrasound.

Treatment Options

The severity of the condition, the symptoms, and the patient's overall health all influence how varicose veins are treated.

Lifestyle changes	Engage in frequent physical activities such as walking to help prevent blood from pooling in the veins and improve blood circulation in the legs. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the veins, thus alleviating the progression of the condition. Elevate your legs above the level of the heart occasionally when sitting or resting to help improve blood circulation and reduce swelling. Avoid prolonged standing or sitting. Regular movement and breaks that allow you to take a stroll or stretch your body can help maintain healthy blood flow in the legs. Wear loose clothing particularly around the waist, legs, or groin to avoid blood flow restrictions.
Compression stockings	Compression stockings apply gentle, graduated pressure to the legs, aiding veins and leg muscles in moving blood more efficiently, thus reducing discomfort, swelling, and pain. From knee-high to full-length, they are available in a variety of lengths and strengths. Depending on how serious the condition is, a doctor can suggest the right kind of compression stockings.
Medications	Aspirin and other over-the-counter medications can help control pain and swelling.
Procedures	Endovenous ablation: Seals off more prominent varicose veins from the inside using laser energy. Sclerotherapy: The varicose veins are directly injected with a foam or chemical solution, which causes them to close and scar. Vein ligation or stripping: Involves removing the affected veins from the body.

Preventive Measures

Preventing the development of varicose veins can be difficult. However, by leading a healthy lifestyle that encourages proper blood circulation, you can lower your risk of developing them. These consist of:

Avoid standing or sitting for extended periods.
Quit smoking.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Engage in regular exercise.
Wear comfortable clothing, ensuring the waistband is not too tight.
Take regular breaks throughout the day.
Elevate your legs while resting.

Schedule an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

Varicose veins are not life-threatening, but if left untreated and allowed to worsen, they can lead to long-term health problems.

Get in touch with us to book an appointment today if you have concerns or questions regarding varicose veins. A dedicated and expert team of vascular surgeons at Gleneagles Hospitals is available for consultation to provide the best care and assistance. We assure you the best possible care tailored to your specific needs.

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