3 Common Heart Diseases in Women

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): A Leading Cause of Heart Issues in Women

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common heart diseases affecting women. It occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup. This condition can lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and heart attacks. Women may experience different symptoms compared to men, making diagnosis challenging. At Gleneagles Hospitals, we offer advanced diagnosis and treatment options for CAD in women.

Key points about CAD in women:

• Women are more likely to experience atypical symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, dizziness, or discomfort in the neck, jaw, or back.
• Hormonal changes during menopause increase the risk by reducing estrogen levels, which play a protective role in heart health.
• High blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking are significant risk factors.

Studies have shown that early detection and lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce the risk of CAD. Women should prioritise regular check-ups, especially if they have a family history of heart disease or other risk factors.

Heart Failure: A Growing Concern Among Women

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump blood efficiently to meet the body's needs. It is more prevalent in women over 65 and can result from untreated high blood pressure, diabetes, or CAD. Symptoms may differ between men and women, often leading to delays in seeking treatment.

Symptoms of Heart Failure in Women:

• Persistent fatigue and weakness
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen
• Rapid weight gain from fluid retention

Contributing Factors:

• Women with heart failure often experience preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a subtype where the heart pumps normally but is stiff and struggles to fill properly.
• Conditions like obesity, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension are common precursors.
• Pregnancy-related complications, such as preeclampsia or gestational diabetes, can increase the long-term risk of heart failure 
• Proper management through medication, lifestyle changes, and early intervention can improve quality of life and outcomes.

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Understanding the Risks for Women

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is an irregular and often rapid heart rhythm that increases the risk of stroke and other heart complications. Women with AFib have a higher risk of stroke compared to men, making awareness and timely treatment critical.

Risk Factors Specific to Women:

• Advanced age: AFib risk increases significantly after menopause.
• Hypertension: A major contributor to AFib in women.
• Thyroid disorders: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are linked to AFib.

Symptoms to Watch For:

• Palpitations or a fluttering sensation in the chest
• Lightheadedness or fainting spells
• Shortness of breath during routine activities

Treatment often includes anticoagulants to prevent strokes, heart rate control medications, and, in some cases, catheter ablation. Regular screenings and addressing underlying conditions are vital.

Prevention and Lifestyle Changes for Heart Health

Preventing heart disease in women requires proactive measures, given the unique risk factors and symptoms. Small but consistent changes in daily habits can significantly lower the risk of developing these conditions.

Recommendations:

• Adopt a Heart-Healthy Diet: Include more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit sodium, saturated fats, and added sugars.
• Exercise Regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
• Quit Smoking: Smoking is a leading risk factor for heart disease, and quitting greatly improves heart health.
• Monitor Blood Pressure and Cholesterol: Routine screenings can help detect and manage these silent risk factors early.
• Manage Stress: Practice mindfulness, yoga, or other stress-reduction techniques to lower cortisol levels, which negatively impact heart health.
• Understand Your Risk Factors: Be aware of personal and family medical history, as well as the unique risks posed by menopause and pregnancy-related complications.

By adopting these strategies and staying informed, women can take control of their heart health and prevent life-threatening conditions.

Book an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals 

Heart diseases like coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation remain significant health challenges for women, yet many cases can be managed or prevented through early detection and proactive care. Gleneagles Hospital offers state-of-the-art diagnostic tools, personalised treatment plans, and a team of dedicated cardiologists to ensure the best outcomes for your heart health. Your health is our priority. Do not wait for symptoms to worsen, book an appointment with Gleneagles Hospital today and take the first step towards a healthier heart. You may also book an appointment via our website or download our MyHealth360 application from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.