Eczema on the Rise: Understanding and Managing Atopic Dermatitis in Malaysia

Atopic dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition characterised by inflamed, itchy, and dry patches of skin. According to recent reports from The News Straits Times, atopic dermatitis is increasingly prevalent in Malaysia, particularly among children, with over 20 percent affected, as highlighted by the Dermatological Society of Malaysia. This alarming trend not only impacts the physical health of individuals but also significantly disrupts their quality of life, affecting both schooling and work.

Atopic dermatitis manifests as red, itchy skin, and can vary widely in severity. While some individuals experience mild flare-ups that can be effectively managed, others endure more severe symptoms that disrupt daily activities. Diagnosis typically involves a clinical assessment by a dermatologist, who evaluates the patient's medical history, family history of allergic conditions, and the appearance and distribution of the dermatitis. There are several types of eczema, with atopic dermatitis being one of the most common forms.

The causes of atopic dermatitis are multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role; individuals with a family history of eczema or other allergic conditions are at higher risk. Environmental triggers, including dust mites, pollen, and certain food allergens, can worsen the symptoms. Furthermore, factors such as age and gender significantly influence the condition, with children, especially those under five years old, being the most affected group.

Management of atopic dermatitis focuses on minimising symptoms and preventing flare-ups. This often includes the use of emollients to maintain skin hydration, topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and in more severe cases, systemic medications. Dietary modifications may also play a role in management, particularly if food allergies are identified.

Raising awareness about atopic dermatitis is crucial in addressing its rising incidence in Malaysia. Educational programmes targeting parents, schools, and healthcare professionals can help foster understanding of the condition, promote early diagnosis, and enhance treatment adherence. It is vital to encourage discussions on skin health and provide resources for affected individuals and families to cope with the challenges posed by this lifelong condition.

Overall, with increasing awareness and appropriate management strategies, we can improve the quality of life for those living with atopic dermatitis in Malaysia.

Dr. Peter Ch'ng Wee Beng

Consultant Dermatologist

Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur