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What is Vaginal Dryness?
Vaginal dryness is a common issue that affects many women, particularly during menopause. However, it can also affect women of any age for various reasons, such as hormonal changes, breastfeeding, and stress. The most common cause of vaginal dryness is a drop in estrogen levels, which can lead to insufficient lubrication in the vaginal tissue. This results in symptoms like itching, burning, and discomfort during sexual intercourse.
Vaginal dryness may also lead to urinary symptoms, such as frequent urination or recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Oestrogen plays a key role in maintaining the health and lubrication of the vaginal tissues, and when its levels decline, it can cause dryness and other related issues.
Symptoms of Vaginal Dryness
Symptoms of vaginal dryness can differ from one woman to another. However, they usually manifest as a combination of the following symptoms:
- Persistent vaginal itching and irritation.
- Burning sensations in the vaginal area.
- Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.
- Urinary symptoms such as increased frequency or urgency.
- Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Causes of Vaginal Dryness
You can experience vaginal dryness due to various reasons, including:
- Hormonal Changes:
- Menopause: A decrease in oestrogen levels causes vaginal tissues to become dry due to insufficient lubrication.
- Pregnancy or Breastfeeding: Hormonal fluctuations during these periods can lead to temporary vaginal dryness.
- Contraceptive Pills or Antidepressants: These may alter hormone levels, contributing to dryness.
- Hysterectomy: Removal of the womb can cause hormonal changes that affect vaginal lubrication.
- Cancer Treatments: Chemotherapy or radiotherapy in the pelvic area can reduce oestrogen levels, leading to dryness.
- External and Medical Factors:
- Medications: Certain drugs like danazol, medroxyprogesterone, leuprolide, or nafarelin can decrease oestrogen production, causing vaginal dryness.
- Chemical Irritants: The use of perfumed soaps, washes, or douches can irritate the vaginal area, leading to dryness and discomfort.
- Lack of Sexual Arousal: If you're not aroused during sex, the natural lubrication may not occur, leading to dryness.
- Underlying Medical Conditions:
- Conditions like diabetes or Sjögren's syndrome can cause vaginal dryness.
- Emotional Factors:
- Stress and Anxiety: Psychological well-being is linked to sexual health, and stress can impact hormone levels, contributing to vaginal dryness.
Make an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals for Vaginal Dryness Treatment
If you are experiencing vaginal dryness, seek the right solution and embrace a more comfortable and fulfilling lifestyle. Get in touch with us to book an appointment with a gynaecologist or find out more about our Obstetrics and Gynaecology Services at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital.
Effective Treatment Options for Vaginal Dryness
The following are some treatment options that may help with vaginal dryness.
Vaginal Moisturisers and Lubricants
Vaginal moisturisers are formulated to hydrate vaginal tissues. They are available over-the-counter and should be used regularly to prevent vaginal dryness. Whether you choose creams or gels, the product must be pH-balanced, irritant-free, and fragrance-free to avoid potential reactions.
Vaginal lubricants are products used during sexual activity to reduce friction during sex. They come in various types - water-based, oil-based, and silicone-based. However, water-based lubricants are usually recommended because of their non-irritating properties.
Low-dose Oestrogen Therapy
Low-dose oestrogen therapy is prescribed for more effective treatment, especially if lubricants and moisturisers are not sufficient. Available as creams, tablets, or rings; cream is applied daily initially and then less frequently, while the ring is worn continuously.
Low-dose vaginal oestrogen poses lower systemic risks compared to other oestrogen-containing products. Progestin medication may be necessary depending on the specific vaginal oestrogen used.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Administered as a daily suppository inserted into the vagina, prasterone converts into oestrogen and testosterone locally. Prasterone serves as an option for those unable to use oestrogen or choosing to avoid it while still considering other vaginal hormone treatments.
Ospemifene
Ospemifene is a prescription medication with oestrogen-like effects in pill form. This is an alternative for those who prefer non-vaginal options, but it may cause mild side effects.
