What you should know about Influenza-Like-Illness (ILI)

Influenza-Like-Illness (ILI) can occur throughout the year in Malaysia and is closely related to other respiratory infections, including human metapneumovirus (hMPV). ILI is similar to COVID-19, whereby it is spread through direct contact with respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. And its symptoms can overlap with other infections like acute respiratory infections (ARIs).

hMPV Cases and Its Similarities with ILI

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory infection caused by the Pneumoviridae family and shares many symptoms with ILI. In 2024, Malaysia recorded 327 cases of hMPV, up from 225 cases in 2023. While hMPV is not a new disease and does not require reporting under the Infectious Diseases Act, it’s important for the public to remain alert, particularly during flu seasons when such infections tend to spread more easily.

Influenza-Like-Illness (ILI) symptoms

Symptoms include:

1. High-grade fever above 38ºC
2. Cough
3. Headache
4. Chills
5. Sore throat
6. Nasal congestion
7. Muscle aches
8. Fatigue

Gastrointestinal symptoms that occasionally accompany influenza, especially in children:

1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhoea

ILI symptoms subside within 10 days in most cases. However, they could worsen within 48 hours for some people. Seek medical attention if the symptoms worsen.

Individuals at risk of ILI

The following group of individuals are at risk of ILI:

1. Children 
2. Elderly population 
3. Pregnant women 
4. People with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and heart disease

Prevention of ILI

Preventive measures for ILI are similar to the steps taken to prevent COVID-19 infections, such as:

1. Practice social distancing.
2. Use a face mask if in contact with anyone.
3. Avoid going out if you are unwell.
4. Wash and sanitise hands regularly.
5. Keep your surrounding environment clean.
6. Adopt a healthy and active lifestyle.

Vaccination against influenza

Getting yourself and your loved ones vaccinated against influenza is another measure that can help in preventing the severity of ILI.

Although getting an influenza vaccine may not prevent you from ILI infection, it can prevent severe complications of the disease. 

Please consult your doctor on the influenza vaccine that would be suitable for you.

What to do if you suspect you have influenza

If you are showing any influenza-like symptoms and you suspect that you have influenza, you should seek medical attention.

You would also need to quarantine yourself and stay home to avoid contact with other people.

Most people with influenza have mild symptoms and do not require hospitalisation or antiviral drugs. However, if your symptoms worsen, seek medical attention immediately.

Make an appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

If you know you are at a higher risk of influenza-related complications, or if you are concerned about hMPV, please book an appointment with a doctor for consultation through our website or download the MyHealth360 app from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.

To make an appointment for health screening, please contact the health screening centre at the Gleneagles Hospitals nearest to you.