Cancer is a complex disease affecting millions globally. While its complexities can be overwhelming, understanding its basics is crucial for effective management. To demystify cancer, we've compiled a series of ten essential questions answered by Gleneagles Hospital Johor’s esteemed consultant oncologist, Dr. Teo Yin Keong.
This Q&A aims to provide you with clear and concise information about cancer, empowering you to take informed steps towards your health journey.
10 Essential Questions to Understand Cancer
What is cancer, and why is it considered a complex disease?
Cancer is a complex group of diseases that arise when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, invading surrounding tissues and potentially spreading to other parts of the body. This uncontrolled growth is the hallmark of cancer, making it a leading cause of death worldwide.
What are the common symptoms of cancer?
The symptoms of cancer can be varied and often subtle, which contributes to its challenging diagnosis. Common signs include unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, unusual pain, and changes in skin, bowel, or bladder habits. However, these symptoms are not exclusive to cancer, which can delay proper diagnosis.
How are the stages of cancer determined?
Once diagnosed, cancer is categorized into stages, ranging from Stage 0, where the cancer is localized, to Stage 4, where it has spread extensively. Staging is crucial as it guides treatment decisions and provides insight into the prognosis.
Is cancer contagious, or is this just a myth?
A common misconception is that cancer might be contagious. In reality, cancer cannot be transmitted from one person to another. While some viruses, like the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), are linked to cancer development, they themselves are contagious, not the cancer they might cause.
The Genetic Connection: Is Cancer Hereditary?
Cancer can have a genetic component, with certain mutations inherited from parents increasing an individual's risk. However, most cancers result from a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental factors, such as lifestyle choices and exposure to carcinogens.
Why Is Cancer Often Diagnosed Late?
Many cancers are diagnosed at a late stage due to the lack of specific early symptoms, leading to delays in seeking medical attention. Additionally, limited access to screening and diagnostic services can further hinder early detection, making timely diagnosis a significant challenge.
How important is early screening in detecting cancer?
Early screening plays a critical role in detecting cancer at a stage when it is more treatable. Regular screenings can lead to earlier diagnoses, improved treatment outcomes, and higher survival rates, underscoring the importance of routine checks.
What is the Role of Oncologists in Cancer Care?
Oncologists are medical specialists dedicated to diagnosing, treating, and managing cancer. They treat a wide range of cancers, including breast, lung and prostate cancers, using a multidisciplinary approach that often combines surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies.
What causes cancer to relapse?
Cancer relapse, or recurrence, can occur when microscopic cancer cells survive initial treatment, or due to genetic mutations that allow the cancer to resist therapy. Continuous monitoring and follow-up care are essential to manage and treat relapsed cancer effectively.
What Causes Cancer?
The development of cancer is driven by genetic mutations that lead to abnormal cell growth. These mutations can be triggered by various factors, including environmental influences, lifestyle choices, infections, and inherited genetic mutations.
What treatment options are available for cancer?
Cancer treatment has evolved significantly, offering patients a range of options tailored to their specific type and stage of cancer. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormonal therapy. Often, a combination of these treatments is used to optimize the chances of success.
Understanding Cancer: Your Path to Empowerment
Cancer is a complex disease, but armed with knowledge, you can navigate its challenges more effectively. Early detection remains a cornerstone in cancer care. Regular screenings can significantly improve outcomes.
At Gleneagles Hospital Johor, our comprehensive cancer care combines advanced technology with a multidisciplinary approach. Our team of consultant across specialties are dedicated to providing personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient's unique needs.
Remember, early detection saves lives. Don't hesitate to consult with a healthcare professional if you notice any unusual symptoms. Together, we can work towards a healthier future.
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