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Menstruation is regular vaginal bleeding that occurs every month as part of a woman's menstrual cycle. Period cramps are extremely common, but they occasionally affect a woman's day-to-day life. They can be painful and, for some, even debilitating. The medical term used to describe a painful period is “dysmenorrhea”.
A significant percentage of women experience cramps in the lower abdomen during their periods. The pain can be throbbing, sharp or spasmodic and sometimes mild but persistent.
Pain levels vary, and some women may have better tolerance towards it compared to others. Additionally, the intensity of the cramps could vary with each period as oestrogen and progesterone hormone levels fluctuate.
Cramping pain usually occurs in your lower abdomen and may spread to your back and legs. Other symptoms may include lower back discomfort, nausea, diarrhoea, and headache.
Types of Dysmenorrhoea (Painful Period)
Primary and secondary dysmenorrhea are the two forms of painful periods.
Primary dysmenorrhea: Menstrual pain that arises without any specific underlying health issues. The discomfort typically starts with the onset of your menstrual period, possibly starting a bit before.
Secondary dysmenorrhea: Menstrual pain triggered by an underlying health condition. Some women may encounter more intense menstrual pain after years of experiencing what is considered "normal" period discomfort.
Signs and Symptoms of Period Pain
You may have period pain if you experience tummy pain or cramps around the start of your period, which can spread to your back and thighs. This pain can be sharp or dull and usually lasts up to three days, potentially affecting your daily activities.
Causes of Secondary Dysmenorrhea
- Endometriosis: Tissue resembling the womb’s lining grows in other areas, such as in the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
- Uterine fibroids: Non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus can cause painful and heavy periods.
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): Bacterial infection in the womb, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
- Adenomyosis: Period cramps are especially painful as the endometrial tissue in the uterus lining grows into the muscle wall of the uterus.
Period Cramps Treatments
Consider the following to find some relief from milder period cramps.
- Pain relief medicines: Various over-the-counter pain relief medicines can be taken for managing period cramps. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most effective for period cramps because they target prostaglandins. This, in return, makes menstrual cramps less severe. NSAIDs such as naproxen and mefenamic acid are most effective when taken at the onset of your period or at the first signs of pain. Typically, these medications are taken for a short duration, usually 1 or 2 days, to provide relief from menstrual discomfort.
- Birth control methods: For women not desiring pregnancy, contraceptive pills and other hormonal birth control methods can also serve as treatments for dysmenorrhea.
The treatment for secondary dysmenorrhea varies depending on the underlying cause. Your doctor will provide guidance on the most suitable course of treatment tailored to your symptoms and specific condition.
6 Effective Home Period Pain Relievers for Cramps
Managing period pain at home can be straightforward with the right techniques. From using heat therapy to engaging in gentle exercise, these six home remedies can relieve and help you stay comfortable during your menstrual cycle.
- An adequate amount of sleep: Ensuring an adequate amount of sleep before and during your menstrual period is crucial. Sufficient rest can help you manage discomfort and improve your ability to cope with the pain.
- Engage in gentle exercise: Yoga is a beneficial exercise that can ease menstrual cramps, improve flexibility, and strengthen abdominal muscles. Even mild physical activity, like walking, can boost overall health and enhance mood.
- Apply a heat pad: A heated pad applied to your lower abdomen might help you feel better by relaxing the muscles causing your cramps.
- Take a warm bath or shower: Soaking in a warm bath or taking a soothing shower can help relax your muscles and ease period pain. The heat from the water can also improve blood circulation, reducing cramping and discomfort.
- Massage your tummy and back: Gently massaging your lower abdomen and lower back in circular motions can help alleviate tension and reduce period pain. Use a bit of pressure but ensure it is comfortable for you.
- Reduce stress levels: Reducing stress levels is essential for obtaining relief from period cramps. You can do yoga, deep breathing techniques, meditation, or anything else that helps you to reduce stress.
Make an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals
If you find yourself dealing with severe period pain that hinders your daily activities or causes concern, it is advisable to consult with your doctor. Get in touch with us to find out more about our Obstetrics & Gynaecology Services at your nearest Gleneagles Hospital.
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