Diagnosis and Treatment of Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). While the condition cannot be cured, effective diagnosis and treatment play a key role in controlling symptoms, reducing transmission, and improving quality of life. Understanding how genital herpes is diagnosed and what treatment options are available can help individuals manage the infection confidently and responsibly.

Why Diagnosis of Genital Herpes Matters

Because genital herpes often produces mild or no symptoms, many people remain unaware they carry the virus. Some may mistake outbreaks for other skin conditions, such as pimples, ingrown hairs, or fungal infections. A proper medical diagnosis is crucial to:

• Confirm whether the symptoms are truly due to HSV.
• Differentiate genital herpes from other ulcer-causing conditions such as syphilis or chancroid.
• Provide timely treatment to relieve discomfort and lower the risk of spreading the virus.

How is Genital Herpes Diagnosed?

Doctors use a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to confirm genital herpes diagnosis.

1. Physical Examination

A doctor will first look at visible sores, blisters, or ulcers in the genital region. The appearance of grouped, fluid-filled blisters that progress into painful sores often raises suspicion of herpes. However, since other infections can mimic these symptoms, further testing is usually required.

2. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Test

The PCR test is considered one of the most accurate methods for detecting genital herpes. It works by identifying the genetic material (DNA) of HSV in a sample taken from genital secretions or swabs of active sores. PCR can differentiate between HSV-1 and HSV-2, which is important for understanding recurrence patterns and transmission risks.

3. Viral Culture

A viral culture involves collecting fluid or tissue from a fresh blister or ulcer and testing it for HSV in a laboratory. This method is more effective when sores are new and open. However, once lesions begin to heal, the chance of detecting the virus decreases.

4. Blood Tests

Blood tests check for antibodies against HSV, indicating whether a person has been previously exposed to the virus. These are particularly useful when:

• No visible sores are present during the consultation.
• A person has a history of genital ulcers.
• Someone’s partner is diagnosed with genital herpes and testing is needed.

Blood tests cannot pinpoint the exact site of infection but can confirm exposure.

Treatment of Genital Herpes

Although there is currently no cure, genital herpes treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, shortening the duration of outbreaks, and reducing the risk of passing the virus to sexual partners. Treatment is usually a combination of antiviral medications and lifestyle measures.

Antiviral Medications

The cornerstone of genital herpes management is the use of antiviral drugs. These medications do not eliminate the virus but help control it.

Commonly prescribed options include:

• Acyclovir
• Valacyclovir
• Famciclovir

Antiviral therapy can be given in two ways:

1. Episodic Treatment

• Taken during an outbreak to speed up healing, reduce pain, and shorten the duration of symptoms.
• Works best when started at the earliest signs, such as tingling or itching.

2. Suppressive Therapy

• Daily antiviral medication is recommended for people with frequent or severe recurrences.
• Reduces the number of outbreaks and lowers the chance of transmitting the virus to a partner.

Self-Care and Home Remedies

Alongside prescribed medication, certain self-care practices can make managing genital herpes symptoms easier:

• Warm sitz baths: Sitting in a few inches of warm water soothes pain and promotes healing.
• Gentle hygiene: Keep the genital area clean and dry; avoid harsh soaps or perfumed products.
• Comfortable clothing: Loose-fitting underwear and clothing help prevent irritation of sores.
• Pain relief: Over-the-counter painkillers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can ease discomfort.

Preventing Complications During Treatment

Treating genital herpes promptly helps reduce the risk of complications, such as:

• Secondary infections in open sores.
• Urination difficulties when blisters block the urethra.
• Emotional distress linked to stigma and anxiety about transmission.
• Pregnancy risks, where active herpes near delivery can expose the newborn. In such cases, doctors may recommend antiviral therapy or a Caesarean section to prevent neonatal herpes.

Living with Genital Herpes

A genital herpes diagnosis may feel overwhelming at first, but with the right treatment plan, most people live normal, healthy lives. Key steps include:

• Following antiviral treatment as prescribed.
• Notifying and protecting sexual partners.
• Avoiding sexual activity during outbreaks.
• Using condoms consistently, even when no sores are visible.
• Managing stress and maintaining a strong immune system to minimize recurrences.

Final Thoughts

Diagnosis and treatment of genital herpes are essential in controlling this common infection. Accurate testing methods like PCR, viral culture, and blood tests ensure that the condition is identified correctly, while antiviral therapy and lifestyle measures make outbreaks easier to manage. Although genital herpes is a lifelong condition, early detection, consistent treatment, and preventive practices allow individuals to protect their health and maintain fulfilling relationships.

If you suspect symptoms of genital herpes or need professional advice, consult a healthcare provider for testing and a tailored treatment plan. Early care can make a significant difference in long-term management and overall well-being.

Get in touch with us to book an appointment with gynaecologists at Gleneagles Hospital Kota Kinabalu today. We assure you the best possible care tailored to your specific needs.