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Pneumonia is a serious lung infection that leads to inflammation and fluid accumulation, making it difficult for oxygen to reach the bloodstream. This condition can cause severe breathing difficulties and reduce oxygen supply to the body’s tissues, potentially resulting in life-threatening complications if left untreated.
Pneumonia can be caused by various pathogens, including viruses, fungi, and bacteria. One of the most common bacterial causes is Streptococcus pneumoniae, which leads to pneumococcal pneumonia. While this infection can affect individuals of all ages, it poses a greater risk to young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Why the Pneumococcal Vaccine is Essential
The pneumococcal vaccine provides protection against infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. By receiving the vaccine, individuals significantly lower their chances of developing severe pneumonia, which can lead to hospitalisation, long-term health complications, or even fatal outcomes.
In Malaysia, the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) has been included in the National Immunisation Programme (NIP) since December 2020. It is administered in three doses: the first at two months of age, the second at four months, and a booster dose at 15 months.
The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly advocates for pneumococcal vaccination as part of routine immunisation in many countries. This recommendation stems from the continued burden of pneumococcal infections on public health, particularly in low- and middle-income nations.
Who Should Receive the Pneumococcal Vaccine?
While the pneumococcal vaccine is beneficial for all individuals, it is particularly recommended for the following groups:
- Older Adults: Individuals aged 65 and above face a higher risk of developing severe pneumonia, making vaccination crucial for their well-being.
- Children: The vaccine is recommended for all children under the age of two to protect them from severe pneumococcal infections.
- High-Risk Individuals: Children and adults with chronic illnesses or weakened immune systems are more susceptible to serious pneumococcal infections and should receive the vaccine as a preventive measure.
Effectiveness of the Pneumococcal Vaccine
The pneumococcal vaccine has been proven highly effective in reducing the risk of serious infections caused by pneumococcal bacteria. Research indicates that vaccination can decrease the likelihood of invasive pneumococcal disease, including pneumonia, by up to 80% in certain groups, such as the elderly. However, it is important to acknowledge that while the vaccine significantly reduces the risk of pneumococcal pneumonia, it does not offer protection against all types of pneumonia, such as those caused by viral infections.
Two types of pneumococcal vaccines are available:
- Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13): Protects against 13 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23): Offers broader coverage against 23 strains but is typically recommended for older adults and individuals with specific medical conditions.
Your doctor will determine the most appropriate vaccine based on your age and health status.
Schedule an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals
Pneumonia can lead to serious complications if not addressed promptly. If you or a loved one experience symptoms such as persistent cough, fever, difficulty breathing, or chest pain, seeking medical attention as soon as possible is essential for effective treatment and recovery.
For further information on pneumococcal vaccination or to determine if the vaccine is suitable for you, schedule an appointment with a healthcare professional at Gleneagles Hospitals. To book an appointment, visit our website or download the MyHealth360 application from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store. Protect yourself and your loved ones by taking proactive steps towards better health today.
