7 Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer to Watch For

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. In Malaysia, breast cancer remains a leading health concern, with thousands of women diagnosed each year. Early detection plays a crucial role in improving survival rates, as cancers caught in their initial stages offer a higher chance of effective treatment.

Many people falsely believe that only a painful lump is a sign of breast cancer. However, there are various other symptoms to watch for, including changes in the breast's appearance, texture, or feel. Learning these signs and symptoms  could encourage more women to get regular breast cancer screenings in Malaysia, saving lives through timely diagnosis.

1. Lump or Swelling in the Breast or Underarm

A lump or mass in the breast or underarm is often the most common symptom of breast cancer. These lumps feel hard or have irregular edges, unlike the softer tissue around them. While not all lumps are cancerous—many could be benign conditions like cysts—persistent or growing lumps should never be ignored.

• Armpit lumps may indicate swollen lymph nodes, a sign that cancer could have spread.
• Some lumps are painless, which is why self-examination is essential for early detection.
• Breast cancer lumps do not always follow hormonal patterns and may not change with the menstrual cycle.

2. Change in Breast Size or Shape

Sudden and unexplained changes in breast size, shape, or symmetry are potential indicators of breast cancer. Even minor variations in one breast compared to the other should be monitored closely.

• Breast cancer can cause swelling in one breast due to fluid build-up or a growing tumour.
• These changes might not always be accompanied by pain, which makes visual inspection crucial during self-examinations.

3. Dimpling or Puckering of Breast Skin

Dimpling or puckering occurs when cancer blocks lymphatic vessels in the breast, leading to fluid retention and skin changes. The surface of the breast might develop small indentations, resembling the texture of an orange peel (“peau d’orange”).

• Lymphedema (swelling caused by fluid buildup) can also contribute to this symptom.
• This skin condition is often painless but can indicate an aggressive form of breast cancer, like inflammatory breast cancer.
• If dimpling appears and does not resolve, it is critical to consult a healthcare provider immediately.

4. Nipple Retraction of Nipple Changes

In some cases, breast cancer can cause the nipple to turn inward or flatten, a condition known as nipple retraction. This occurs when a tumour changes the normal structure beneath the nipple, pulling it inward.

• If your nipple was not inverted previously but changes its shape suddenly, it is a red flag.
• Other changes might include scaly or crusty skin around the nipple or the appearance of sores.
• This symptom may also be accompanied by pain, although it is not always present.

5. Nipple Discharge (Other Than Breast Milk)

Unexpected nipple discharge is another potential symptom of breast cancer. This discharge might be clear, yellow, or even blood-stained.

• If the discharge occurs without squeezing or only from one breast, it is more concerning.
• While discharge can be linked to benign conditions, persistent discharge requires medical evaluation.
• This symptom often occurs when the cancer is near the milk ducts.

6. Persistent Breast or Armpit Pain

Pain in the breast or armpit area can sometimes be a symptom of breast cancer, especially when it does not fluctuate with the menstrual cycle.

• The pain may be described as a dull ache or sharp, stabbing sensation.
• The pain can also extend into the armpit area, particularly if the lymph nodes are involved.
• Although breast pain is often linked to hormonal changes or infections, persistent discomfort or pain that lasts more than a few weeks should be checked by a doctor.

7. Swollen Lymph Nodes Under the Arm or Near the Collarbone

Swollen or enlarged lymph nodes near the breast, armpit, or collarbone can be an early indicator of breast cancer.

• Lymph nodes act as filters for the immune system, and when cancer spreads, the nodes swell.
• These nodes may feel firm or hard and do not reduce in size over time, even if no infection is present.
• Enlarged lymph nodes might appear before any other breast changes, making them an important symptom to monitor.

FAQs

1. What is triple-negative breast cancer?

   Triple-negative breast cancer lacks the three common receptors (oestrogen, progesterone, HER2) and tends to be more aggressive and harder to treat.

2. Does hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increase the risk of breast cancer?

   Some studies suggest a link between long-term HRT use and a slightly increased risk of breast cancer. Discuss risks and benefits with your doctor.

3. Is breast cancer hereditary?

   Yes, breast cancer can be hereditary. Genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase the risk, so women with a family history of cancer should consider genetic counselling and more frequent screenings.

4. Can men develop breast cancer?

   Although rare, men can develop breast cancer. They should seek medical attention if they notice lumps, nipple discharge, or changes in their chest area.

5. What is a biopsy, and why is it necessary?

   A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue or cells is removed from the body for examination under a microscope.

Book an Appointment at Gleneagles Hospitals

These 7 signs and symptoms of breast cancer may not always indicate cancer, but they should never be overlooked. Regular self-examinations, visual inspections, and clinical screenings are crucial for early detection.

If you have questions about breast cancer, get in touch with us to book an appointment at your nearest Gleneagles Hospitals to receive professional advice to help kickstart your health journey. To make an appointment for health screening, please contact the health screening centre at the Gleneagles Hospitals nearest to you.